Organic vs industrial food free essay sample

Organic foods, although stereotypically known for having a bland taste or having no taste have been shown to improve ones quality of life be decreasing some health risk such as cancer or heart disease. If you haven’t realized it, organic fruits and vegetables taste better, and the flavor is crispier. The health consequences of genetically modified food, when examined closely, will convince you to change your eating habits. The shelf life of food depends on four main factors: formulation, processing, packaging and storage. Change any one of these conditions and you can change the shelf life for better or worse. Shelf life has many attributes: bacterial control, color stability, yeast and mold inhibition, flavor stability, textural stability and aroma stability. The appearance of shelf-life problems can be wide, as well, including oxidative browning, oxidation of flavor compounds, or liquescence. To increase the shelf life of more unstable foods, such as low-sugar jam, low-salt condiments, low-oil salad dressings, prepared fresh produce and deli meats, food companies may take steps to reduce bacterial load from ingredients before they process the final food. We will write a custom essay sample on Organic vs industrial food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To grow, thrive and survive, microbes need a friendly environment; this usually includes moisture. Lowering moisture creates a hostile environment for bacteria by decreasing the available medium for them to grow in. There are a number of new ingredients to help regulate water activity in foods with a reduced fat phase. â€Å" Generally, the water activity of a minimally processed food needs to be about 0.07 or lower, water has an a W rating of 1.00, and most products preserved with sugar, measure about 0.07, with the excess water bound so that bacteria are under osmotic pressure too great to survive(Katz, February 4, 2006).† Whenever you buy food, you have decision to make: Healthy or cheap, organic or industrial. If organic food was not so expensive, that decision would be easy, everybody would buy organic food, for a healthier body. Unfortunately not everybody can afford it, making it look like healthy food is becoming a  luxury good. In the rush to produce more and more food for the people on this planet, chemicals came into play. Farmers begin by trying to sell the highest percentage of their crop and therefore often use pesticides, gen-manipulated corn, chemicals etc. The farmers investment in pesticides, hormones, and chemicals tends to pays off, earning more, their fruits look better and costumers are happy with huge pest fee fruits and vegetables. When a farmer says no to chemicals, he runs the risk of losing a harvest because of pests. The only way to compensate the cost is a higher price for organic food. You cant ask everybody to pay higher prices, and a lot of people would starve to death without the use of chemicals which protect harvests against pests. Every time you eat something, you consume pesticides, these substances are added in order to produce and sell more efficient. Fortunately there are strict rules for the use of chemicals. Organic foods are produced following practices described in the USDA National Organic Program (NOP), a marketing program with a certification process throughout the production and manufacturing chain. The NOP describes the practices that are required for labeling a product â€Å"organic,† but it does not address nutritional benefits or food safety issues. Even when you buy organic food, you are consuming these substances, but the bar is set at a different height and you are consuming less harmful substances that could be particularly hazards for high-risk groups such as pregnant women, infants, young children and farm worker households. Since organic food is not prepared using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it does not contain any traces of these strong chemicals and might not affect the human body. People strongly believe that organic food tastes better than non-organic food. The prominent reason for this belief is that it is produced using organic means of production. Further organic food is often sold locally resulting in availability of fresh produce in the market. So how bad is industrial food? Let’s take a look; there are maximum residue limits on all pesticides and chemicals. The department of health determines how much of each substance is ok. Eating organic food lowers the risk of getting hit by a similar scenario, but its not a 100% guarantee (Are Organic Foods Better for You. 2010). However, getting seriously sick from cheap food is not that high of a risk as long as you read food labels you can eat cheap and healthy at the same time? If you are eating organic food only, you are  still eating unhealthy foods. Almost everyone is aware that foods grown according to organic principles are free from over exposure to harmful pesticides, but that is only one small aspect. A larger part of organic agriculture is the health of the soil and the ecosystem in which crops are raised. Organic farmers know that healthy, live soils significantly benefit crops. Synthetic chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, and/or fast acting inorganic fertilizers applied to or around crops interrupt or destroy the micro biotic activity in the soil. Organic farming reduces groundwater pollutants, decreases pesticides that can end up in your drinking glass; in some cities, pesticides in tap water have been measured at unsafe levels. The Farmer’s Market is a growers’ market, meaning everything in the market is homegrown, but Richard Bowie, an experienced organic grower is not convinced that all the food being sold is homegrown. â€Å"The market’s slogan ‘100% Homegrown makes us different’ is used as a gimmick, said Bowie† (Shreve, October 3, 2011). Vendors have been seen carrying produce and selling it to other vendors at the market bringing the term organically grown in to question and without certification, and but by law they cannot say they are a certified organically grown vendor. Most vendors cannot afford the certification process and want consumers to look past the term organic there for focus on the soil used or nutrients used. Almost everyone is aware that foods grown according to organic principles are free from over exposure to harmful pesticides, but that is only one small aspect. A larger part of organic agriculture is the health of the soil and the ecosystem in which crops are raised. Organic farmers know that healthy, live soils significantly benefit crops. Synthetic chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, and/or fast acting inorganic fertilizers applied to or around crops interrupt or destroy the micro biotic activity in the soil. Organic farming reduces groundwater pollutants, decreases pesticides that can end up in your drinking glass; in some cities, pesticides in tap water have been measured at unsafe levels. We should choose farming methods that truly address our real concerns safety and sustainability, not simply methods that satisfy an arbitrary marketing label. To whatever extent these practices include methods that are permitted under organic rules. But theres never a case when a safe, mo re efficient, and sustainable modern technology that feeds more people worldwide should be disallowed for no logical reason. Eating â€Å"organic† alone doesn’t guarantee 100 percent healthy .The truth is that most Americans eat so badly that we get most of our calories from soft drinks, more than we do from vegetables; the top food group by caloric intake is â€Å"sweets†; and one-third of nation’s adults are now obese. It’s not unimportant, but it’s not the primary issue in the way Americans eat. To eat well, says means avoiding â€Å"edible food-like substances† and sticking to real ingredients, increasingly from the plant kingdom. There’s plenty of evidence that both a person’s health as well as the environment’s will improve with a simple shift in eating habits away from animal products and highly processed foods to plant products and what might be called â€Å"real food.† From these changes, Americans would reduce the amount of land, water and chemicals used to produce the food we eat, as well as the incidence of lifestyle d iseases linked to unhealthy diets and greenhouse gases from industrial meat production. And the food would not necessarily have to be organic, all it takes is paying attention to what you eat and read your labels more closely. Participation on our part to be more aware of what we buy and to raise our voices, if need be. We can let our opinions be known even in the simplest ways. A good example is when we shop, if there is no substitute for the product we need, let the store owners know, they will surely change their products. Organic food is better as it uses natural farming techniques. It is similar to preferring natural remedies when suffering from a disease as compared to eating chemical antibiotics. So, the question of organic foods vs non organic foods; which is better, is clearly answered. Organic food surpasses the conventionally produced foods.

buy custom Brookshire Brothers Innovative Concept essay

buy custom Brookshire Brothers Innovative Concept essay Happy customers stay to be yours and not someone elses. Many business gurus and heads of customer care departments of successful companies concur that the most fundamental aspect of a company does not only lie in having a good product, but also the ability to provide clients with a desirable level of service (Garry, 2011). The reason for running a business after all is to make profits and it therefore it makes sense to take care of the customer. Good customer care service is an innovative concept because it is one of the most neglected areas of management. Innovation concept A company has to provide excellent customer care so that it can distinguish itself from the products and services that its competitors provide. The customers should believe and see that the customer service they are being offered gives them the overt benefit. The Brookshire Brothers can for example say that the instant oatmeal that they sell has cancer- fighting properties as observed in three out four people who took the particular oatmeal that they sell, constantly. Another innovation concept requirement is that the concept should be feasible and hard to reproduce. The power engine of any business is customer care and this is what makes it a priority. All companies have a customer care service but Brookshire Brothers can make their customer service hard to copy by going an extra mile and giving them comfort that cannot be imitated by others. Companies need a regular flow of income to keep them in business and for this reason it is feasible idea and easy to implement. Once the customers are satisfied with the services that they are being given, then the entire organization will have an excellent customer care system. The returns of good customer care exceed its costs because a company that delights in giving good service to its customers retains 6he old customers and attract new ones. This will in turn create a good image of them in blogs, in the media and in forums, subsequently leading to higher profits. The cost of attracting new customers is much higher than the cost of retaining existing customers. One of the main pointers of a strong value proposition is that it gives itself to being spoken in simple and clear terms, and very briefly. It is important that a business has a unique value proposition, lest they get lost in a sea of other companies with similar value propositions. Customer service is a great way of achieving a value proposition, but it should be stated in a way that it will for example take complete ownership of the problems of their customers and solve them, so that they do not have to worry.an example of a value proposition is we take complete ownership. Customer service has the ability to offer a complete value proposition because it touches on all aspects of the business. The customer care service also handles and organizes the many elements that make up an effective customer care structure. They deal with pricing strategies, the human aspect of customers, policies, systems and technology. They especially play a fundamental role in improving the policies and systems to desirable levels of the customers. This is what makes customer care have a complete value proposition (Amato-McCoy, 1999). No customer is interested in customer service system that has no intrinsic worth, regardless of whether it is the best. A company that goes that extra mile to please and give good service to meet the needs of its customers is hard to imitate because what is seen on the outside is the excellent customer service, but the rigorous procedures that they have used to get there remains unknown. A good example of how good customer care service sells unique is how it solves its problems, frustrations and challenges. The exceptional selling proposition that they give that guarantees to take care of their needs such as pick up their customers therefore saving them trouble of having to hire cabs i s unique and hard for other companies to imitate, because if they want to, they will have to go through rigorous processes starting from the administration downwards, for such a proposition to be approved, implemented and be a success. Company, products and markets Brookshire brothers , is a company that was established in 1921, but later on split into chains of stores that now deal with a variety of products, which include; food , groceries and tobacco products and the distribution of gas. The Brookshire Brothers Company in Dallas, Texas is widely known for the excellentand friendly services that they offer, clean stores and technological innovation. The companys mission is to build an all-inclusive equity in the company by making its employees loyal, and these employees will in turn give good service to their customers, thereby improving their public image (Pederson, 2009). Their objective strategy is to provide their customers with a level of service that cannot be found anywhere else in their locales. This Brookshire Brothers Company deals with groceries and therefore runs several grocery stores. The product line of their chain stores includes food and food complimentary items, fresh produce, dairy items. They also handle sea food, bakery g oods, frozen foods, canned foods and fresh farm produce. Some of the labels of the food products that they sell are Hy Top and Better Valu. Company Fit Their customer care concept of prioritizing the needs of their customers augurs well with the companys mission and strategic objectives of friendly services, clean stores and at the prime of technological innovations. All these efforts are geared towards ensuring that the customers get the best of the services they can offer because the core of their business is to take care of their customers. They therefore rely on their human capital to fulfill their vision, mission and strategic objectives. These people are trained on strong customer orientation and quality products and services.in doing this, they have successfully guarded against lack of service and courtesy to customers. They value their customers as they know that the value of bringing in new customers is almost five times higher than the value of keeping old ones. So instead of going to look for new customers, they give the best of their services to the older ones and these ones will go and paint a good image of the company and in this way they attract new customers. In the end their mission and vision statements of great customer service makes their sales soar, brings more people, gives them the chance to repeat business with their regular clients, and get value from them. Intended Target Market and Competition The company has a number of small and large markets like the population around Dallas. They also have formal markets for example the large supermarkets in Dallas which provide a reliable market for their products (Chain Store Age Executive, 1991). Moreover, they sell their merchandise to individuals through their retail and supermarket stores in Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana. They also do it through e-commerce websites. The company offers excellent customer service and their products are suited to the needs of their customers. They have banked on this because other companies do not give such quality service and a wider range of products to their customers; neither do they give priority to the desires of their clients. Product, Service and Process Some of their unique products are French, Indian and Mediterranean delicacies, products that other groceries do not stock or hardly ever have. They for example stock Hispanic delicacies and have even published these foods in magazines, to cater for the growing Hispanic population in Texas. They also beat the price listings of their competitors, giving customers value for their money. One such service is that they have incorporated into their customer care service the concept of self-service, such that instead of having the customers place their orders to the clerks to fill them, they can walk in and chose what they need. This encourages their customers to have a look at all that they have, then made informed choices. This has helped them cut on expenses and has helped build a stronger customer base. They also have belts that transport the goods bought, so that the customers find them packed .very efficient indeed. Such a concept has yet to be adopted by similar stores and this is their selling point. They also deal with a wider variety of groceries, larger volumes and at lower prices. They ensure that their customer care representatives give friendly greetings to all their customers when they check in to the store and heartfelt greetings from the employees they encounter as they shop, from the stockers to those at the counter. The company does not only benefit, but the customers do as well. By offering a wider range of groceries, the customers are now able to comfortably choose what goes well with them. Furthermore, their customers also save some money as the prices on goods are cut. The good customer care gives them a big llead against their competitors (Lehbar, 1963). Competitive Differentiation The customer care service that Brookshire Brothers Company offers is different from the competitive offerings of other companies because these companies do not give the attention to the quality of services they give. Many managers and executives always pin down customer services to a particular standard that cannot be easily changed. However, such services should be made variable because good customer care is a relationship building tool. This is what the Brookshire Brothers Company realized and has used it to their advantage. They have been able to connect emotionally with their customers and this is what has given them edge over their competitors. They have used the concept of under- promising and over- delivering. Their customers have therefore realized that the level of service that they are being given is higher than what they expected. Their friendly customer service has earned them sustainable competitive advantage and subsequently, their performance has improved. They have also cut on their costs and the speed at which they offer their services is effective. Their customers are satisfied by the way they are handled they rarely take their businesses elsewhere (Doherty, 2003). This has earned them a growing number of customers because they have made customer satisfaction a major factor in the decisions that they make concerning their products. Critical Risks and Limitations Despite all the benefits that the Brookshire Brothers Company has earned, they should not overlook it as it has risks as well. Todays environment has its challenges. Customer care service must cater for the needs of all its customers, from the casual observer to its senior most clients. This poses a challenge because the customers are so many and they all want their needs to be well catered for and the company may not be able to keep such a relationship consistent at all times. One disgruntled customer may ruin their image and this will cost them business. The aspect of customer service also covers a very wide range of activities. It involves listening to the needs of clients carefully, giving them feedback as soon as possible, give priority to their views, look into their complaints, have interpersonal relationships with them and ensure a happy existence at all times. This is very demanding and the company might end up eating into their profits to satisfy their customers, yet the business does not return the money spent. It also requires human resource which is quite a task to find especially representatives who can deliver. The other challenge is delivering customer value. Some customers give very unique and specific desires that sometimes overwhelm the service providers as they have to make big sacrifices. Brookshire brothers also find it quite a challenge to giving possession utility. Moreover, the concept of the marketing versus the selling concept is a challenge for them because they have products that are not selling and so they have to adopt measures that will make the product sell. Such measures include cutting the prices or more advertising. They therefore should balance between the efforts that they make to give them an appeal to their customers taking care not to concentrate much on one aspect like customer care. They should for example have consistent branding and product quality (Garry, 2011). Conclusion Brookshire Brothers Company has experienced such a steady growth since it was started. This is because it sought to beat its competitors by having strong base and friendly customer care service. Their aggressive hospitality has put them at the top of their league and in return they have realized great profits. It has however taken them more than friendly customer care service to get where they are today, because they had to diversify their operations to counter the emerging competition. They have given priority to innovations especially regarding customer care which was very important if they had to increase its image especially because they are facing a greater number of competitors. Their business has not been without challenges though; they have run into losses trying to satisfy the specific needs of their clients. Because they deal with perishables, their products have gone bad leading to losses. Their prices of their dairy products sometimes hit rock bottom yet they have to be deft enough to explore other opportunities. Despite all this, they have managed to remain at the top. Buy custom Brookshire Brothers Innovative Concept essay

Easy Last-Minute College Halloween Costumes

Easy Last-Minute College Halloween Costumes Halloween is a highlight of the fall semester on any college campus. Its your chance to take a break, have fun with friends, and get  a little weird. What if you didnt have time to plan your Halloween costume? If youre like most college students who have  too much stress and not enough time, you probably waited until the last minute to figure out what to be for Halloween. Luckily, there are several great ideas that are quick, easy, and cheap (or free). They simply require a little imagination. Dress up as Your Roommate No matter what your roommate is into, take their signature look and amplified it (with kindness, of course). This is even better if you both go together while dressed as each other. Simply borrow your roommates clothes and an accessory or two, vamp it up a bit, and off you go. Ladies, is your roommate into bags? Grab several of her faves and head out. Guys, does your roommate always wear sports shirts? Put on several and show them off during the evening, maybe even rotating them as the night goes on.   It should go without saying that youll need your roommates permission. Its also a good idea to be sensitive to hurting any feelings because you dont want to damage your relationship. But if youre both into it, it can be a fast costume fix. Get to the Thrift Store Head down to the local thrift store and piece together a quick costume. They have all kinds of great finds and its even better around Halloween. Grab some funky, retro, or fancy clothes, it really doesnt matter and the more creative you get, the better. You can even pick up a few options without worrying about spending too much. Keep in mind, too, that you dont necessarily need to have an idea before you get to the store. Going in with an open mind might be the best way to approach things. That way, if you see something that looks interesting, youll be more likely to let your creativity flow. Go as a Group If youre going out with a group of friends, work together to find a costume. You can dress like the cast from a recent movie, a group of flight attendants and pilots, or the members of todays hottest  band. Any of these costumes are easy to put together. Its often a matter of adapting clothes you already have or running to the thrift store for a few special pieces. Since youre going as a group, you wont need as many accessories as you would if you were responsible for your own attire. Dress as a College Movie Character You may not have thought about it, but you have an entire room full of props for a college student. Vamp it up and go as a college-aged character from a movie. It can be a classic (Bluto, anyone?) or whatever is hot at the moment. Either way, its an easy fix if you dont have a costume and takes just a few minutes to put together. Cant think of a character to go as? Have fun with the college student look. Give yourself the stressed out, up all night studying look with messy hair, a backward shirt, mismatched shoes, or whatever. Get weird, have fun, and see what you come up with.

Propaganda Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Propaganda - Term Paper Example Firstly, the total can be understood as a function of the effect of the entire message. Lowe’s provided on its handouts the following quote, â€Å"To honor our armed forces, Lowes will be providing customers will complimentary bumper stickers that offer a simple ‘Thank You’ to our troops. A limited quantity of ‘Thank You’ stickers, with an image of the American flag, will be available in-store during the veterans day weekend.† The totality of this message, although simple, has various levels of meaning that help to explain why such a symbol serves as a piece of propaganda (Collins 15). Though further meaning will be extrapolated from each of the words that this statement entails, it is important to weigh the statement from its total meaning. Two main thoughts are therefore passed to the reader. The first of these is that it is their responsibility to honor sacrifice. The second is that Lowe’s is performing this service by virtue of its u nderstanding of the role it plays as a community leader. Secondly, the particular piece of propaganda must be understood with relation to the time that it appeared. Firstly, this understanding of time is with relation to the time of year that the bumper stickers appeared; that of Veteran’s Day. Thus, the powerfully evocative effect is that one understands this particular part of the year/season is important and should necessarily be noted by both shopper and retailer alike. It is worth additionally noted that implied within this form of propaganda is the distinct understanding the sacrifices of the troops that are being â€Å"thanked† allows us to enjoy the American way – capitalism, low prices, and a warehouse full of choices. Although none of this is directly printed, the implied levels of meaning are most certainly extant. Likewise, the element of time relates to some other concurrent

Africans in the conquest of mesoamerica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Africans in the conquest of mesoamerica - Essay Example Admittedly, the past does influence the present. But when it comes to the work of the historian, who must selectively choose his facts so as to write his account of history, the present, that is his choices, his passions, his worries, and his strengths and weaknesses, will have far-reaching consequences on any view he may hold and assert regarding the past. These are the structural realities which must be accepted when attempting to assess and interpret the meaning of the role and experience of African slaves in the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica, or as it is known today, Mexico. As Americans, our tendency is to look to our southern neighbors as speakers of Spanish, who have themselves experienced historical experiences similar to our own. We began as colonies of the English crown, just as Mexicans once lived under the rule of the king of Spain. They, like us, broke off from the mother country and became an independent nation. They speak the tongue of the European country with which they once had a political allegiance. To that we can add our widespread perception of Mexicans as having a mixture of Spanish and Mesoamerican blood. These perceptions largely reflect our current beliefs and prejudices: i.e. we are an â€Å"Anglo-Saxon† country and the Mexicans are a â€Å"Latin† country. These simplistic terms, aside from pe rpetuating misconceptions, stem from our present needs and wants. In reality, the history of Mexico, from the time of the arrival of the first Europeans at the end of the fifteenth century to the present, is one which is far richer than any one historical account could demonstrate. Even more germane to the purposes here, that historical experience is one to which peoples and individuals from Africa made a most significant contribution. So much so that it can be said that not only were Africans central to the Spanish crown’s conquest and colonization of

Dear People of the World Essay Example for Free

Dear People of the World Essay This letter should be read by someone thirty years from now, in the year 2014. It is currently 1984, I am a citizen of Oceania a place run by Big Brother and his people. We are treated like zoo animals, everything is controlled. I hope that you are reading this in a free world, a world where there is no Big Brother or Thought Police, a world where newspeak is considered old speak, a world where a tele screen is something that is used for entertainment and not surveillance, a world where you can say what you want and not what you must, a world where the only thoughtcrime is keeping your thoughts bottled up like we have to do. This world has been artificially created for us and we cant stand it anymore, something needs to be done; but we are constantly being watched from above and controlled we cant do anything about it. I often dream about a world where people can say what they want, where everything is green and nobody is prisoner of this lie anymore, I hope that your world is like that. Right now I am in danger, I could be being watched right now and it would be just a matter of time until the thought police come, kick the door down and take me. In this world you cant say anything without being questioned or accused of thought crime, I have lost many friends just because they said what they thought. They tell us that â€Å"WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH† here we dont have peace, we have everything but peace. We are not free we are slaves of a system that does not work. Ignorance will never be strength, ignorant people are weak they believe everything that they are told. Thats why I say that â€Å"WAR IS WAR, FREEDOM IS FREEDOM, IGNORANCE IS IGNORANCE† There is just a small group of people that think like I do, there is just a small group of people that have knowledge of the truth. But this group is getting smaller and smaller and there is nothing we can do about it because we are all bering heard and we are all being watched. I believe that the future wont be like this anymore, it will be free, people will be able to go where they want when they want, they wont need to report every morning and every night, they will eat where they want to eat and love who they want to love. I know I am not the only one that is trying to change this world, letters like this will be found by many different people, because they need to know about their past. If the world where you live in is the same as mine it means that it still too early, leave this letter and carry on, because someday this will end.

Dubliners :: Essays Papers

Dubliners Imagine yourself in Dublin in the early 1900’s. Marriage was a very big thing in those days. For some people it was a means of getting a better life and for others it just meant getting out of the house and living on their own. Author James Joyce gave his view of marriage in the stories â€Å"The Boarding House†, â€Å"A Little Cloud,† and â€Å"Counterparts†. It seems at first that marriage is a necessity. If you weren’t married by a certain age then you weren’t getting married. After the death of her butcher husband, Mrs. Mooney opened a boarding house, where she now lives with her son and her nineteen-year-old daughter Polly. Mrs. Mooney runs a tight ship and keeps a close eye on the young men interacting with Polly. She hopes to marry her daughter to one of them one day. At last Mrs. Mooney notices that Polly seems to be having an affair with a young man named Mr. Doran, who works in a wine-merchant's office. Mrs. Mooney decides to try to force Mr. Doran to marry Polly. She sends a maid to summon him to speak with her. For his part, Mr. Doran is nervous and uncertain. He is terrified of the publicity that would fall upon him if the affair were made public--he would face disgrace and the loss of his job. And he is fond of Polly, even if she sometimes embarrasses him with her poor speech. He is mortified by the thou ght of speaking to Mrs. Mooney, so when Polly comes sobbing to his room for comfort, he is hardly able to concentrate on her. He remembers the beginning of their affair, and at last goes down to see Mrs. Mooney. Polly waits in Mr. Doran's room, thinking about the future. A short time later, Mrs. Mooney calls for Polly, saying, "Mr. Doran wants to speak to you." Marriage was being forced onto this man. Mr. Doran considered marriage a trap and wanted no part of it but he was very fond of Polly. Mrs. Mooney pulls all the strings: she wants to marry her daughter to a well-off boarder, and is determined to capitalize on Polly's affair with Mr. Doran to see that plan through. Mr. Doran has no choice but to marry Polly because he knows if anyone finds out of his premarital affair with her then he’d be in a lot of trouble.

Business ethics and CSR

In the past time, the majority of enterprises regarded business ethics as internal regulations to comply with the rules of legal standards(Trevino and Nelson, 2010). However, the condition changes in modern times. Business ethics is more and more important to identify what it is right or wrong during the process of working or trading and so on(Wheelen and Hunger, 2011), which is closely related to the interests of stakeholders.Under the background, many companies recognize that they have to obtain more respect and trust of their consumers so as to be successful. As result, organizations pay increasing attention to their behaviors and corporate social responsibility (CSR) become a business principle for marketing behaviors with the increased public awareness about the role of enterprises in assisting to promote and practice business ethics in society and environment.In order to have a better understanding of business ethics and CSR, this report is going to logically identify business ethics and critically assessing its effect on an organization, identifying CSR and analyzing the lessons of the News Corporation scandal and the importance of CSR and then discussing the leadership during the process of promoting business ethics and CSR. Question 1: identifying business ethics and critically evaluating its effect on an organization 1. 1Identifying business ethicsCase and Smith (2012) commented that free market system cannot guarantee the efficiency, and an efficient free market economic system need enterprises with honesty, integrity, fairness, justice and other ethics to operate the market in addition to a valid property right and the legal system. The comment perfectly demonstrates the necessity and importance of business ethics in market, although it does not make enough introductions about the features of ethics. In their opinion, business ethics refers to moral principles which are used to regulate the behaviors of a business.In other words, Case and Smith admi tted that the same rules or regulations that distinguish the right or wrong of individual behaviors can also be applied to enterprises. This point explains the guidance of business ethics, which promotes corporations to pay more attention to the use of copyright, environmental issues and bribery. However, Case and Smith just cared about the enterprise itself and did not make an explanation about the relationship between corporations and stakeholders in the concept of business ethics.According to Lusch and Webster (2010), every company is not alone, and stakeholder analysis is important for the practices of business ethics during the process of operation and provides more useful information for perfecting business ethics in different markets. They considered that enterprises depend on employees, government, media, customers and business clients and so on (Lusch and Webster, 2010), so business ethics aims at working out a balance among all those factors and then making them serves cor porate objectives.It can be said that Lusch and Webster explained the affecting factors of business ethics and put forward a broader illustration, which is beneficial for corporations to regulate ethically in all aspects. But this report agrees that it is better to combine the views of Case and Lusch et al. as to the illustration of business ethics. From this point of view, this report considers business ethics is a moral principle to deal with the relationship among stakeholders. According to the above literature review, it is obvious that business ethics focuses on the moral standards of corporate policies and behaviors and the effect on stakeholders.It can be said the most significant points of business ethics refer to identifying reasonable business actions, balancing stakeholder interests, increasing corporate values and building accountability within the organization. From this point of view, business ethics is a performance of applied ethics in essence. 1. 2 Critically evalua ting the effect of business ethics on an organization Business ethics is regarded as an important factor that affecting corporate performance, so it is necessary to evaluate its influence on an organization.But it needs to be pointed out that business ethics also has positive and negative effect(Carroll and Shabana, 2010). On the first place, business ethics is beneficial for organizations to build distinct competence(Pearce and Doh, 2012). For example, as the hotel industry giant, the Hilton has developed rapidly since its inception in 1928 and its branch offices are spread all over the world(Hill, 2011). On the issue of the development of the Hilton, it is inevitable to mention the hotel's internal culture and requirements â€Å"Today are you smiling yet?†Hilton Hotel strongly embodies the â€Å"customer is God† and â€Å"home away from home† principle in facilities and services, internal culture and good business ethics make customers experience the â€Å"ho me†, which won the majority of customers; meanwhile the hotel becomes more competitive and corporate profits grow year after year. On the second place, it can protect the interests of stakeholders(Orts and Strudler, 2009). Business ethics, as a corporate soft power, reflects in all aspects of business, especially in the quality of products and services quality.According to the Haier Group's success and Sanlu milk powder incident(Bouee, 2010), lack of business ethics hurts stakeholders and corporate brand value is also enormously impacted. On the third place, good application to business ethics increases corporate scores to explore foreign market(Kolk and Van Tulder, 2010). In modern times, business ethics has become one of the most important parts for international business. In other words, the international market needs ethical companies. From this point of view, unsaturated international market gives priority to enterprises that have a good record for business ethics.Just as Haier, it tried its best to protect the interests of customers and then it was favored by the international market. In addition, business ethics is beneficial to influence the behaviors and words of leaders and then cultivate ethical leadership owing to the formation of a good working environment. However, there are also some negative influences for business ethics. For one thing, business ethics puts forward a high demand for corporate capability(Carroll and Shabana, 2010). On one hand, the application of business ethics needs the support of adequate capitals.In the short-term, business ethics may increase the total cost of organizations. On the other hand, business ethics can be different in different countries, so the organization needs excellent adaptability. For another, business ethic may bring about capital risks for companies that have weak financial basis(Skouloudis et al. , 2010). The application to business ethic needs adequate financial support, so the ethics may threat en the operations of businesses when the corporate is lack of capitals.Question 2: analyzing the lessons of the News Corporation scandal and the importance of CSR 2.1 analyzing the lessons of the News Corporation scandal The News Corporation is one of the world's largest media groups, and one of the world’s largest and most international integrated media companies(Yoon, 2013). On July 15, 2011, the British â€Å"Daily Mirror† quoted the news of an anonymous New York police officer, and said News Corp. ’s â€Å"World News† reporter tried to bride their telephone information of 9. 11 victims and tap their voicemail(Lewis, 2012). Facing strong public pressure, the News Corp was forced to shut down â€Å"News of the World.†In order to grab the exclusive news, the News Corp took a lot of â€Å"extraordinary measures† and then lost more. The News Corporation scandal brings about many lessons for corporate management. In the first place, it is nece ssary to strengthen media self-regulation and professional ethics to further strengthen the social responsibility and professionalism. Wiretapping scandal stems from interests and competition-driven within the Western media(Simons, 2013), in order to expand distribution and increase influence, they even broken professional ethics and social moral bottom line.As a result, they would pay their actions. In the second place, corporates should behave within laws and ethical regulations. The eavesdropping behavior of â€Å"World News† not only violates the self-regulatory codes of British newspaper industry, but also apparently breaks down the law and human rights. It is crazy to pursuit irritating news regardless of the limitation of law and moral constraints, finally embarking on a dead end. Thus, the â€Å"great† is not self-appointed, and â€Å"press freedom† beyond legal and moral is shameful(Sharma, 2009).In the third place, the News Corporation scandal motivate s other organizations to pay more attention to CSR instead of just thinking of profit. In order to absorb in as many customers as possible, the News Corp ignored the original target of media corporations and took all actions to obtain explorative news regardless of the interest of its stakeholders. The organization is not alone in society, and it needs to undertake the theme of serving people. Only in this way, can it become popular and successful.Just like IKEA, Novo Nordisk and other organizations, they prefer to work out a CSR policy after a media scandal(Jiraporn et al. , 2013). 2. 2 analyzing the importance of CSR Firstly, CSR is important for corporate financial performance according to the News Corp scandal(Inoue and Lee, 2011). Just as Inoue and Lee (2011) said, CSR is a tool to increase corporate long-term profits through a little increase of cost in short-term. They emphasized the long-term benefits of CSR and excessive attention to short-term profits may lead to a failure .For example, the profits of the News Corp dropped sharply after eavesdropping behavior. In contrary, the event â€Å"smashing refrigerator† of Haier won the trust and support of customers, got a better reputation and more performance, although it increased the total cost in a period at some degree. Thus, CSR is meaningful to improve corporate core competitiveness, inspire staff to be more enthusiastic and creative and attract more financial institutions to provide funds, thus contributing to the long-term business performance of enterprises.Secondly, the application of CSR is closely related to corporate sustainability(Choi et al. , 2010). Just as Gomez-Haro et al. (2011) once said, CSR is a standard for an organization to measure the influence of corporate decisions and activities on society and natural environment. They emphasized that strategic CSR is important for an organization to obtain the dominate power to occupy marketplace and develop a sustainable future. Their v iews stress the relationship between CSR and sustainability, and explain the value of CSR during the process of operation, except that it did not point out the focus of CSR.In the economic system of high globalization, during the pursuit of business performance, environmental pollution, product quality, labor safety and other issues has been unable to be separated from enterprises(Tan-Mullins and Mohan, 2013). According to the News Corp scandal, it is obvious that stakeholder interests cannot be ignored and CSR has become the main trend of business continuity. Undertaking social responsibility for stakeholders, enterprises can set up a good corporate image except for enhancing cohesion and core competitiveness, thus ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises.Major food safety accidents of Melamine, excessive odor emissions of Michelin tire factory(Cobert, 2009), Foxconn sweatshops event(Watch, 2010) and so on all prove the importance of CSR to corporate sustainability. Thir dly, CSR is valuable to balance the relationship between economic development and social harmony(Carroll and Shabana, 2010). Smith (2010) said all businesses should aim at giving back to those who make corporate objectives come true. In his opinion, CSR is a performance to return the community through volunteerism or sponsorships or other causes.What corporations do should comply with the situation of community; only in this way can corporations be sustainable and successful. In other words, CSR pays much attention to common progress, and persists to keep the consistency between economic development and social harmony. The News Corp excessively emphasized economic profits and ignored the demands of social development, and then it paid. In contrast, as a company equipped with a strong sense of social responsibility, Motorola stressed the company's positive interaction with their environment(Blocker et al., 2011), which gains high assessment of the international community.Question 3: discussing the leadership during the process of promoting business ethics and CSR Following the News Corporate scandal and other business scandals, the society has upgraded the standards for corporates that expect to establish great power. Just as Qualman (2012) once said, businesses have to work with transparency in order to obtain long-term activities from consumers and attention to the consistency of corporate words and behaviors should be stressed.Therefore, ethical leadership must be emphasized during the process of promoting business ethics and CSR(Becker, 2013). It is necessary to point out that ethical leadership is a â€Å"soft† leadership and it focuses on making use of reasonable amount of authority in every condition to solve issues(O'Toole and Mayer, 2013). Ethical leadership is beneficial to cultivate great corporate culture, and put the principles of business ethics and CSR into corporate environment(Sheldon and Park, 2011), which makes employees feel the value of ethics and CSR at anywhere.From the point of ethical leadership, leaders need to regulate themselves according to ethics and then influence others to follow the regulations of ethics and CSR. Business ethics, ethical leadership and CSR should become inseparable concepts during leader’s management(Ardichvili and Jondle, 2012). Corporate leaders have both external effect and internal effect, so how they behave is closely related with the interests of consumers, employees, suppliers, government and other stakeholders.Protection for stakeholders is an important standard to judge the attention of a company to business ethics and CSR, which also proves the value of ethical leadership when promoting ethics and CSR. What’s more, appropriate social responsibility orientation of leaders makes great contribution to fulfilling business ethics and CSR(Sharma et al. , 2011), so it is necessary to display the value of social responsibility orientation during the process of promot ing business ethics and CSR.In other words, leaders have to regulate their social responsibility orientation in leadership framework and make use of this orientation to promote business ethics and CSR(Crittenden et al. , 2011). Wheelen and Hunger (2010) considered that, as the firm's major decision-makers, business leaders have more opportunities for businesses to determine the tone of business ethics, the degree of fulfillment of CSR has a great relationship with the value orientation of business leaders. From this point of view, leaders have to try their best to comply their social responsibility orientation with the regulations of business ethics and CSR.In addition, leaders should provide guidance for important corporate actions and make all operations suitable to business ethics and CSR so as to gain more support and expand the influence of business ethics and CSR(Brunk, 2010). Conclusion According to the above analysis to business ethics, CSR and leadership, it is obvious that business ethics is quite valuable for expanding its fame, absorbing in more consumers and exploring foreign markets and so on, but it needs to be pointed that it may increases the total cost in short-term and bring about capital risks sometimes.It is also apparent that CSR is meaningful for corporate financial performance, sustainability and the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. In addition, leadership plays an indispensable role in promoting business ethics and CSR, but it may also ruin corporate ethics and CSR owing to unreasonable utilization to ethical leadership. Therefore, it can be concluded that business ethics and leadership should be paid attention and appropriate ethical leadership should display its guidance role.In our company, there are a lot of employees and factories that produce tires. It is known that rubber releases bad gas and factories discharge polluted water, which both damages the health of workers and environment. Under this background, if the health of workers is cared and strict regulations are worked out for pollution, our company will get more support from workers and the society. Recommendation After theoretic analysis, it is necessary to provide some realistic and feasible recommendations. On one hand, business ethics and CSR should be taken into strategic management.When working out some economic policies or strategic plans, companies should consider whether the policy or plan hurts the interest of stakeholders, damage natural principles and excessively emphasizes economic target regardless of social development or not. On the other hand, establish a monitoring and evaluation mechanism is recommended in the leadership team. This system is mainly used to supervise leaders’ actions and regulars assess their behaviors according to corporate ethics and CSR so as to strengthen ethical leadership. (Word accounts: 2699 words)

The DSM-IV

The DSM-IV is an important tool for clinicians. It provides a standard for diagnoses to be standardized across psychology; however, the DSM-IV is not as precise for diagnosing personality disorders as some psychologists would like.Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis.1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly.Particular patient study has to take place in most circumstances so that the clinicians can increase info about the patient’s indicators that may not be instantly noticeable in the clinical situation. If this exterior particular info is not collected by the clinician a misdiagnosis may be completed. Particular facts may contain info about the patient’s character, manners or a patient’s responses to certain circumstances, indicators that only show in a particular environment and info that cannot be gathered straight from the patient due their incapability or unwillingness to communicate with the clinician openly. An instance would be a patient who presents with avoidant character disorder doubts might be identified as having social fear, when they really are feeling a different illness. Misdiagnosis may have serious concerns if suitable management, treatments or medicines are used.2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other.There are numerous symptoms that overlay between different illnesses in DSM group listings. The clinician’s individual explanations may lead to misdiagnosis amongst one of these two illnesses if the clinician trusts only on info collected in the clinical situation. For example obsessive-compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, a personality disorder has numerous indications in common. In this circumstance, a clinician could grasp a deceptive analysis in this circumstance. The misdiagnosis would chief to improper management modal ities, inappropriate medicine and may bring about a deterioration of the patient’s disorder.3. People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosisThe DSM criteria can be understood as personality disorders rather than a change in personality styles. For example, a person who shows a personality that is both detailed and thorough may be identified as obsessive-compulsive. A person who is firm and self-assured may be diagnosed as a narcissist.4. Do you think that personality disorders are true mental illnesses? Why or why not?Yes I do believe that it is a true mental illness. Unless the person is just faking it. I don’t see how someone can just have a personality disorder without something actually being wrong with them. Some kind of trauma or chemical imbalance had to or has to be happening in order for a person to experience this disorder.

Tomorrow When The War Began by John Marsden

Tomorrow When The War Began by John Marsden Free Online Research Papers In the tomorrow series by John Marsden, â€Å"Tomorrow when the war began,† seven friends, Ellie, Homer, Lee, Fi, Robyn, Corrie and Kelvin go through a number of devastating problems. There are friendships, relationships and life risking problems. It all started of with a fun little camp in the bushes, but turned out to be something that will turn there lives completely around. Ellie was an important person in the novel. She was the one to firstly think of going out in the bushes and she was also the one that made up mostly the decisions after the invasion. She definitely had grown much more self-confident during the novel, but she isn’t like all teenagers; she will always try to confront humongous challenges. I think she has shown to everyone that she is a person that can confront anything she wants IF she wants to! Homer, another very important person in the novel. He is also like Ellie; he is the leader of the group with Ellie. He also makes all the decisions with Ellie. He is the oldest in the group so that’s why maybe he’s the leader of the group. He finds out that he starts to like Fi, more than he thinks he does, throughout the novel. I think he was a great leader in the group, not only he was really man-like and the oldest, but he shows respect to all the other friends, that he really wants to help them. Fi is the perfect girl or person in the group. She’s been raised in a wealthy family, so she hasn’t gone through much in her life, until the invasion. She started of being the one that was scared the most, until she stood up, and tried to confront all the challenges with the other six friends. She definitely had changed a lot throughout the novel; she has learnt to confront challenges. She has really stood up for herself, showing that she’s not just a girl that can’t to anything, apart from staying home, enjoying herself or playing the piano, she has shown that she can help her friends, and become apart of a group. Lee, also a main character in the novel and is also the smart one in the group. Because he’s the smart one in the group, he thinks up a lot of the ideas for the group. So you can say he also plays an important part in the decision-making. He was shot in the leg during the invasion, but managed to recover from the injury. He also goes through a relationship with Ellie in the novel. You can tell from the novel he has true feelings for Ellie, and he’ll help Ellie in anyway she needs to. In my opinion, I think all the seven friends have gone through a lot. Ellie, Homer, Fi, Lee, Robyn, Chris and Corrie had all shown themselves to everyone that they can be in a team and confront challenges together. So I think they’ve really all done what they can do, they’ve all been in life risking situations but they’ve still managed to stay together, and all help each other, if anyone needs a hand. Research Papers on "Tomorrow When The War Began" by John MarsdenWhere Wild and West MeetThe Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsTrailblazing by Eric Anderson19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayCapital Punishment

A piece of wire on the resistance Essay Example for Free

A piece of wire on the resistance Essay ? Resistance gives us an idea of how easily electrons flow through a conductor it is the opposition of a material to the flow of electricity through it. It is caused by the internal structure of the material and its atoms, and tends to convert electrical energy in to heat. It is measure in ohms (? ). To measure resistance you must first find the voltage, which is the change in current between to certain points in a circuit. Electricity gives us a way of transferring energy and voltage is a measure of the energy available per coulomb of charge passing. Then you also need the current, which is measured in amps, electrical current as occur when there is a drift of charged particles (electrons or ions) in a particular direction. However there are some effects of the current flowing through a wire, it tends to heat up. If you divide both the voltage and the amps you get the resistance. Resistance = Potential Difference (in V) Current (in A) There are four main factors that effect resistance, these are: As temperature increases, the resistance of the wire increases as well. Some metals are better conductors than others, for example Nichrome has more resistance than copper. The thickness of the wire affects it as well because the thicker the wire the more resistance there is.   And the one I am testing- As the length of the wire increases, as does the resistance because there is further for the energy the travel so it looses energy along the way. In 1826 Georg Ohm discovered that ‘the current flowing through a metal wire is proportional to the potential difference across it’. In other words if you double the potential difference the current is also doubled. However this law is only obeyed when all the conditions stay constant. However the shorter the wire the more energy is converted into heat due to more atoms for the electrons to collide with. So the wire temperature increases which was one factor that Ohm did not take into consideration. A battery supplies voltage to the circuit between its terminals. Ideally the voltage should stay constant, however it does not, this is because the battery itself has resistance and acts like a resistor. This is called internal resistance. Prediction: I predict that as I increase the length of the wire the resistance will also increase, because as the current goes through the wire the electrons lose energy because they collide with the atoms of the metal and they lose the energy via heat loss. This causes there to be a decreases in the push force that move the electrons around the circuit. If the wire is longer there will be more collisions and so the electrons will lose even more energy thus losing the push force. If I double the voltage the current will also increase because voltage and current are both proportional. However as stated above in my research I shall not expect this to be exactly correct because not everything in my circuit is not remaining constant the temperature of the wire should increase. Equipment: Energy source (batteries) Ammeter   Volt Meter   Metal wire 5 wires Plan:   I will set up my equipment ensuring that the volt meter is parallel to the metal wire I will then insert the 30 cm long wire and measure the amps and volts Then I will take away 5 cm off the wire and read off the ammeter and volt meter   I will repeat this till I have a 5 cm piece of wire. Diagram: Ammeter Volt Meter Wires Metal wire Batteries Preliminary Results and Changes: Length (cm) Voltage (V) Amps (A) Resistance 30cm cm After doing my preliminary experiment I have decided to do the test every 3 cm so it will go 30cm, 27cm, 24cm, 21cm etc. Results Results table 1 Length (cm) Voltage (V) Amps (A) Resistance 30cm. Results Table 2 Length (cm) Voltage (V) Amps (A) Resistance 30cm Results table 3 Length (cm) Voltage (V) Amps (A) Resistance 30cm Average Result for resistance Length of wire (cm) Average Resistance Conclusion I can now conclude that the resistance increases as the voltage (and current) increases because energy is lost as the electrons go through the wire and collide with the atoms. Having looked at my results and graph I can also conclude that the resistance is directly proportional to the length of wire because my graph is fairly straight. Despite the fact that hardly any off my points are exactly on the line, they follow the line of best fit and are very close to it. This shows that the resistance increases as the length of the wire increases due to more atoms for the electrons to collide with (see prediction and research for further details). Gradient y1 – y2 Two points: This shows that my line of best fit goes up very gradually. The graph that I have drawn is very misleading because it looks as though the line goes up steeply; this is because my scale is very big. If I half the scale my line would appear to go up at half the steepness. Resistance per centimeter   Evaluation My results in my opinion are fairly reliable we have the odd result as with most experiments, however on the whole our results and graph show that the current is directly proportional to the voltage and that was our aim in the beginning. Our graph is reliable despite the fact that only two results actually touch the line (this could be due to back readings off or a fault in our method) because all of our results follow the line and are very close to it. Regardless of getting reliable results except a few anomalous results we could have improved our method by ensuring that we had the set amount of wire in between the clip, for example 30cm, because when you add the clips it takes of about 2 cm so we could all of the experiment with the wire 2cm longer. Also as stated above in my research temperature has to remain a constant, which it was not because the smaller the wire got heat was lost so the resistance would be higher so maybe our lower results are not as reliable as the higher ones. Abigail Male 1st February 2002 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. A piece of wire on the resistance. (2017, Oct 19).

Asia In The World Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Asia In The World Economy - Research Paper Example During the late 2008, Yen began to appreciate sharply against dollar and was valued at 86.15 yen in 2009. At the end of 2010, the yen was rated at 88.66 yen. (Source: World Data Bank) The real effective exchange rate as seen from the graph has remained volatile between 1980s and 1990s. During the era of 2000 and forward, the value of yen has declined. It has been going down from the price of 120 dropping to 80. After the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the yen is seen to gain value and is rising till date. Japan’s real exchange rate has appreciated over the years due to the rapid increase in the high-productive manufacturing sector. Trends in Japanese Exports – in terms of value and composition (Source: World Data Bank) The exports in terms of value are an important element in the present Japanese economic adjustment. The structure of exports as well as imports has changed considerably over the years. The above graph shows the trends in exports value since 1980 till date . There has been a constant growth in exports since 1980s till 2000 with minor fluctuations in between. These exports can be attributed to the increase in IT-related goods, consumer goods and US been the largest trading partner. (Source: Statistical Handbook of Japan, 2010) According to the composition of exports, the leading export commodity was transport equipment which is 22% of the total exported value. It is followed by electrical machinery constituting 20% and general machinery 17.8% of total value exported. Another interesting characteristic of Japanese export is the increased proportion of high-value added products such as integrated circuits and steel which are increasing in total Japanese exports. Relationship between exchange rate (nominal and real) and exports The changes in trade surplus, given by the difference in value of exports and imports, are influenced by price changes. Appreciating yen will lower the price of imports relative to exports causing the trade balance to be higher. Given this condition, during 1990s the yen appreciated 20% causing more imports and fewer exports. This affected the competitive price position of Japanese exports in foreign markets. The Japanese trade and exchange rate are very closely related. The real exchange rate of yen is highly positively correlated to Japanese trade and specifically exports price relative to import prices. For instance, between 1990 and 1995, the yen appreciated by 40% against dollars. If the prices of yen and dollar would have remained the same, Japanese products would have been 40% more expensive in comparison to US goods. The government intervention to cut down yen export prices and shifting to manufacturing high-value goods helped the growth of Japanese exports during the 1990s. The export volume grew annually at a rate of 5% through 1990 and 1995. The Japanese exports took a downfall in late 1990s owing to the drop in sales in the European market which is large enough to drop the Japanes e exports by 10%. In 2003, when the nominal yen/dollar exchange rate was at 120, the exports rose rapidly which again declined in 2007-2008 because of the financial crisis which cause the appreciation of yen below 90 to dollar. This caused the Japanese exports to fall drastically. Impact of the Plaza Accord In 1985, the G-5 nations including Japan forced United States to devalue dollar because of the current account deficit. The G-5 nations were